Drivereduction theory external cues dopamine and the reward center. There are several approaches to explain motivation in psychology. After the instinct and evolutionary theory fell out of fashion, the drive reduction theory replaced it. This is a behaviorist theory in that it places emphasis on the importance of the environment in influencing. Hull was interested in applying mathematical formulas to psychology, and it is simple to see how this works with the drive reduction theory. These include the incentive theory of motivation, in which our behaviors are driven by the desire for rewards, the drive theory of motivation, in which people are driven to behave in certain ways to reduce the internal tension caused by unmet needs, the arousal theory of. Based on ideas proposed by other great theorists such as pavlov, watson, darwin and thorndike, and expanded by. A theory stating that imbalances to your bodys internal environment generate drives that cause you to act in ways that. In relation to learned behavior, his theory asserts that the reduction of. The course includes both book work and driving on the road. A physiological need creates an aroused tension state a drive that motivates an organism to satisfy the need hull, 1951. According to drive reduction theory, the body is motivated to engage in whatever behavior is necessary to fulfill an unsatisfied drive. People are first motivated to do certain things because of their biological needs. You may remember that the arousal theory is one of the many theories of motivation that help explain why we behave the way we do.
Explain how drive reduction theory views human motivation. A theory stating that imbalances to your bodys internal environment generate drives that cause you to act in ways that restore homeostasis. Ap psychology scoring guidelines 2017 college board. Drive reduction theory of motivation explained hrf. Based on ideas proposed by other great theorists such as pavlov, watson, darwin and thorndike, and expanded by collaborator and. The drive reduction theory was developed by behaviorist clark hull as a way of accounting for learning, motivation and behavior. Explains our motivation to reduce arousal by meeting basic needs, such as hunger or thirst.
One way that the body elicits this behavioral motivation is by increasing physiological arousal. Drive reduction theory was first established by clark hull. Drive reduction theory states that we are motivated by primary drives like hunger and secondary drives, and that we act to satisfy these drives until we regain a state of homeostasis balancein this case, we are no longer hungry. The college board and educational testing service ets are dedicated to the principle of equal opportunity, and their programs. You will be quizzed on the drive reduction theory of motivation in this interactive worksheetquiz combo. Hull believed that motivation had a lot to do with learning.
Motivation is a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior. Songs of psychology drivereduction theory and i know. In its simplest form, the theory claimed that no learning occurred unless a drive produced tension and impelled the organism into activity to procure a reward that would reduce the drive and satisfy its related physiological need. In this video we describe the drive reduction theory. Barrons ap psychology, 5th edition long branch public schools. Overview motivation feelings or ideas that cause us to act toward a goal theories of motivation drive reduction theory our behavior is motivated by biological needs. Ap psychology unit 1 psychology s history and approaches flashcards quizlet.
According to this theory, some physiological need need for water occurs that creates a state of tension you feel thirsty which in turn motivates you to reduce the tension or satisfy the need drink water. In relation to learned behavior, his theory asserts that the reduction of drives acts as a reinforcement for behavior. It was one of the first attempts at a complete theory of motivation, and became very popular in the 1940s and 1950s as an explanation for behavior. Today, the drive reduction theory is largely ignored in the field of psychology, despite the glory it has enjoyed from 1940s to 1950s. You can obviously feel the heft of the book as well as the general size and shape. Drive itself was defined as motivation that arose due to a psychological or physiological need. Motivation instinct theory, drive reduction theory, arousal theory, hierarchy of needs. Drive reduction theory when the instinct theory of motivation failed to explain most human motivation, it was replaced by the drive reduction theory. On a sidenote, because of this simplification, many critics have argued that it fails to account for pleasureseeking activities. In psychology, a drive theory, theory of drives or drive doctrine is a theory that attempts to analyze, classify or define the psychological drives. Cognitive consistency theory cognitive inconsistencies create tension and thus motivate the organism.
What would motivate somebody to write a book, participate in a protest or do. Drive reduction theory was created in 1943 by a behaviorist named clark hull. According to the theory, the reduction of drives is the primary force behind motivation. This is similar to drive reduction theory in that biological needs create discomfort in the body that must be solved. In contrast with other theories that suggest we are pushed into action by internal drives such as the drive reduction theory of motivation, arousal theory, and instinct theory, incentive theory instead suggests that we are pulled into action by outside incentives. In addition to instinct theory, there are other theories which have been proposed to help explain motivation. This is what happens according to drive reduction theory.
A need is one of our requirements for survival, a drive is our. Theories of motivation ap psychology varsity tutors. Drive theory is based on the principle that organisms are born with certain physiological needs and that a negative state of tension is created when these needs are not satisfied. The reason is because we all want to be successful, we all want direction and drive, and we all want to be seen as motivated. Many psychologists believed that all motivation depended upon the pleasure experienced when basic needs are met. Drive reduction theory a popular theory of the 1940s and 1950s that attributed behavior to the desire to reduce tension produced by primary biological or secondary acquired drives. Ap students in psychology should be able to do the following. How would drive reduction theory explain a person accepting a new hob with a higher salary but that requires more work and responsibility. Festingers cognitive dissonance theory reconcile cognitive discrepancies.
An attempt was made to link motivation to predisposed behavior, called the instinct theory, but was abandoned for the drive reduction theory. Hull believed that the bodys goal was to reach equilibrium. The arousal theory of motivation suggests that our behavior is motivated by a need to. According to this theory, physiological needs create aroused. Identify key contributors in the psychology of motivation and emotion i. The term, drive reduction theory, refers to a diverse set of motivational theories in psychology. Needs drive our behavior to seek homeostasis balance in our bodies. The theory states that a psychological need will cause an aroused state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need. Motivation instinct theory, drivereduction theory, arousal theory, hierarchy of needs. Check out kaplans ap psychology prep plus book on amazon key takeaways. May 17, 2016 there are several approaches to explain motivation in psychology.
Incentives in the environment determine organisms behavior. What personality theories in psychology may tell you about yours. We are driven to do things by homeostasis,a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state, and by incentives, a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior. In learning theory, drive reduction theory is a type of motivational theory. Ap psych unit 8a and 8b free response exam questions answer section essay 1 ans from english 002 at middletown high school, middletown.
Motivation is an area of psychology that has gotten a great deal of attention, especially in the recent years. Motivation and emotion 6 8% in this part of the course, students explore biological and social factors that motivate behavior and biological and cultural factors that influence emotion. A theory of learning where the goal of motivated behaviour is to reduce the drive state. Myers textbook drives include hunger, thirst, reduction of pain, and even sex. While drive reduction theory is not much put into practical application nowadays, it is useful for students to learn about the theory, its concepts and its influence to modern psychology. Another general theory about the underpinnings of motivation has been called drive reduction theory. Drive theory, or drive reduction theory, is a theory of motivation which suggests that all. Khan academy offers practice exercises, instructional videos, and a personalized learning dashboard that empower learners to study at. One of these approaches is the drive reduction approach of motivation. Arousal theory expands upon drive reduction theory by taking into account levels of arousal as potential motivators. Ap psychology 2000 scoring guidelines these materials were produced by educational testing service ets, which develops and administers the examinations of the advanced placement program for the college board.
Students should explain that drive reduction theory is unlikely to be useful in explaining marcos impulsive behavior. The purpose of this book is to provide you with the bestpossible preparation. According to another view of motivation, organisms may. In early attachment theory, behavioural drive reduction was proposed by dollard and miller 1950 as an explanation of the mechanisms behind early attachment in infants. The drive reduction theory of motivation became popular during the 1940s and 1950s as a way to explain behavior, learning, and motivation. Various theories of motivation strive to explain why people behave in certain ways by exploring the roles of instincts, internal and external rewards, the desire to maintain a certain level of arousal, the drive to reduce uncomfortable. In this theory, the reduction of drives is what creates motivation. Originally developed by clark hull and then expanded upon by ken spence, the drive reduction theory of motivation was one of the first great efforts to explain how behaviors occur with individuals. C arousal theory suggests that some people who have a high optimal level. Hull in later years decide to rename his drive reduction theory to be called drive stimulus reduction theory, to emphasize the reduction or complete removal of stimuli elements from the drive that occurs upon the organism completing a correct response sought after on the part of the experimenter. The other options each relate to a different motivation. Drive reduction theory definition psychology glossary.
Motivation and emotion barrons ap psychology, 7th edition. In psych terms we attempt to describe and define potentially confusing psychological terms while illustrating examples to best visualize it. Where does the energy, the drive, or the direction come from. The theory was created by behaviorist clark hull and further developed by his collaborator kenneth spence. Ap notes, outlines, study guides, vocabulary, practice exams and more. One early theory about how our physiology motivates us was drive reduction theory, the theory that our behavior is motivated by biological needs. Ap psychology terminology for motivation and emotion.
Ap psych unit 8a and 8b free response exam questions answer. This makes arousal theory similar to drive reduction theory. A drive is an instinctual need that has the power of driving the behaviour of an individual. The drive reduction theory is based on the theory of homeostasis keeping an internal balance. The drive reduction theory reduces motivation to satisfying drives caused by biological needs. Darwins theory of natural selection caused many psychologists to try and explain all human behaviors through instincts, most agree that our behavior is motivated by other biological and psychological factors. Drivereduction theory and human behavior verywell mind. The drivereduction theory of motivation the psychology. Instincts and evolutionary psychology its evolution, baby. Clark hull rested the first theory of motivation, the drive reduction theory. It is much like how you feel thirsty after taking a long.
Drive reduction theory behavior is motivated by biological needs. This theory says that physical drives make an aroused state and thus moves us to satisfy that drive. The physiological and psychological state of being active and alert, as reflected by factors like heart rate, muscle tone, brain activity, and blood pressure. Drive reduction theory and i know that i can survive. Elastic heart, by sia, is a song about the drive reduction theory. Do the evolution, by pearl jam, is a song based loosely around evolution. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. As one progresses up the hierarchy, motivation begins to take a more similar form to arousal theory. Because of this, hull s drive reduction theory mirrored some of the same concepts as theories of learning and was commonly used to explain behavior and learning during the 1940s and 1950s. Drive reduction theory the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state a drive that motivates an organism to satisfy the need. Behavioural drive reduction theory suggests that infants are born with innate drives, such as hunger and thirst, which only the caregiver, usually the mother, can reduce. A need is one of our requirements for survival, such as food, water, or shelter. General psychology 2 have you read or listened to anything related to psychology. Apr 07, 20 psychology definition of drive reduction theory.
Enterprising students use this website to learn ap class material, study for class quizzes and tests, and to brush up on course material before the big exam day. Although it was the dominant force in the world of psychology where theorists were trying to come up with ideas to explain behavior, it is largely ignored today. Arousal theorieswe all have optimal levels of stimulation that we try to maintain. Incentive theory explains that behavior is motivated by an organisms desire for reinforcements and rewards and that this desire is what governs behavior. Motivation and emotion make up 68% of the advanced placement psychology exam, so mastering each theory and understanding its main concepts is a crucial part of studying for the exam. The drive reduction theory is centered on the idea of homeostasis, or a balanced. Reduction of the drive is a major cause of learning and behavior. Drive reduction theory, developed by clark hull in 1943, was a major theory for motivation in the behaviorist tradition. Another early motivational theory, drive reduction theory, is based on the idea that we are driven by basic biological needs food, water, shelter etc. The term, drivereduction theory, refers to a diverse set of motivational theories in psychology. These acts may be initially pleasurable because nicotine is a stimulant and it makes us feel a good buzz, but the theory states that we eventually feel an opponent process, meaning a motivation to return to our baseline, neutral state do not confuse the opponent process theory of motivation with the opponent process theory of color vision. Hulls drive reduction modelmotivation arises out of need. The theory that learning is dependent on the alleviation or satisfaction of a drive. Psychology as a science a science is defined not by what it studies but by how it studies.
1660 40 1408 642 726 1004 1231 1481 573 792 1028 1110 1180 370 1325 847 1380 123 329 832 1081 543 426 311 948 401 746 1454 507 1020 1221 234 813 574 387 1421 444 1170 1468